《故都的秋》原文及赏析

这是《故都的秋》原文及赏析，是优秀的教学案例文章，供老师家长们参考学习。

　　《故都的秋》是中国现代作家郁达夫于1934年创作的散文，寄寓了作者眷恋故都自然风物和对美的执著追求，流露出一种沉静、寡淡的心境。此文感情浓厚，意味隽永，文辞优美，多次被选入中学语文教材。

　　此处选用的英译版本及文末注释出自中国著名翻译家、杰出教授张培基先生。张先生的译文自然流畅并且极具文采，充分体现了译者的翻译理念，实乃翻译作品的经典，令许多读者和翻译爱好者受益匪浅。

　　故都的秋 Autumn in Peiping

　　作者：郁达夫 By Yu Dafu

　　秋天，无论在什么地方的秋天，总是好的;可是啊，北国的秋，却特别地来得清，来得静，来得悲凉。我的不远千里，要从杭州赶上青岛，更要从青岛赶上北平来的理由，也不过想饱尝一尝这“秋”，这故都的秋味.

　　Autumn, wherever it is, always has something to recommend itself. In North China, however, it is particularly limpid, serene and melancholy. To enjoy its atmosphere to the full in the onetime capital, I have, therefore, made light of travelling a long distance from Hangzhou to Qingdao, and thence to Peiping.

　　江南，秋当然也是有的，但草木凋得慢，空气来得润，天的颜色显得淡，并且又时常多雨而少风;一个人夹在苏州上海杭州，或厦门香港广州的市民中间，混混沌沌地过去，只能感到一点点清凉，秋的味，秋的色，秋的意境与姿态，总看不饱，尝不透，赏玩不到十足。秋并不是名花，也并不是美酒，那一种半开、半醉的状态，在领略秋的过程上，是不合适的。

　　There is of course autumn in the South too, but over there plants wither slowly, the air is moist, the sky pallid, and it is more often rainy than windy. While muddling along all by myself among the urban dwellers of Suzhou, Shanghai, Xianmen, Hong Kong or Guangzhou, I feel nothing but a little chill in the air, without ever relishing to my heart's content the flavour, colour, mood and style of the season. Unlike famous flowers which are most attractive when half opening, good wine which is most tempting when one is half drunk, autumn, however, is best appreciated in its entirety.

　　不逢北国之秋，已将近十余年了。在南方每年到了秋天，总要想起陶然亭的芦花，钓鱼台的柳影，西山的虫唱，玉泉的夜月，潭柘寺的钟声。在北平即使不出门去吧，就是在皇城人海之中，租人家一椽破屋来住着，早晨起来，泡一碗浓茶，向院子一坐，你也能看得到很高很高的碧绿的天色，听得到青天下驯鸽的飞声。从槐树叶底，朝东细数着一丝一丝漏下来的日光，或在破壁腰中，静对着像喇叭似的牵牛花(朝荣)的蓝朵，自然而然地也能够感觉到十分的秋意。说到了牵牛花，我以为以蓝色或白色者为佳，紫黑色次之，淡红色最下。最好，还要在牵牛花底，教长着几根疏疏落落的尖细且长的秋草，使作陪衬。

　　It is more than a decade since I last saw autumn in North. When I am in the South, the arrival of each autumn will put me in mind of Peiping's Tao Ran Ting with its reed catkins, Diao Yu Tai with its shady willow trees, Western Hills with their chirping insects, Yu Quan Shan Mountain on a moonlight evening and Tan Zhe Si with its reverbrating bell. Suppose you put up in a humble rented house inside the bustling imperial city, you can, on getting up at dawn, sit in your courtyard sipping a cup of strong tea, leisurely watch the high azure skies and listen to pigeons circling overhead. Saunter eastward under locust trees to closely observe streaks of sunlight filtering through their foliage, or quietly watch the trumpet-shaped blue flowers of morning glories climbing half way up a dilapidated wall, and an intense feeling of autumn will of itself well up inside you. As to morning glories, I like their blue or white flowers best, dark purple ones second best, and pink ones third best. It will be most desirable to have them set off by some tall thin grass planted underneath here and there.

　　北国的槐树，也是一种能使人联想起秋来的点缀。像花而又不是花的那一种落蕊，早晨起来，会铺得满地。脚踏上去，声音也没有，气味也没有，只能感出一点点极微细极柔软的触觉。扫街的在树影下一阵扫后，灰土上留下来的一条条扫帚的丝纹，看起来既觉得细腻，又觉得清闲，潜意识下并且还觉得有点儿落寞，古人所说的梧桐一叶而天下知秋的遥想，大约也就在这些深沉的地方。

　　Locust trees in the North, as a decorative embellishment of nature, also associate us with autumn. On getting up early in the morning, you will find the ground strewn all over with flower-like pistils fallen from locust trees. Quiet and smellless, they feel tiny and soft underfoot. After a street cleaner has done the sweeping under the shade of the trees, you will discover countless lines left by his broom in the dust, which look so fine and quiet that somehow a feeling of forlornness will begin to creep up on you. The same depth of implication is found in the ancient saying that a single fallen leaf from the wutong tree is more than enough to inform the world of autumn's presence.

　　秋蝉的衰弱的残声，更是北国的特产，因为北平处处全长着树，屋子又低，所以无论在什么地方，都听得见它们的啼唱。在南方是非要上郊外或山上去才听得到的。这秋蝉的嘶叫，在北方可和蟋蟀耗子一样，简直像是家家户户都养在家里的家虫。

　　The sporadic feeble chirping of cicadas is especially characteristic of autumn in the North. Due to the abundance of trees and the low altitude of dwellings in Peiping, cicadas are audible in every nook and cranny of the city. In the South, however, one cannot hear them unless in suburbs or hills. Because of their ubiquitous shrill noise, these insects in Peiping seem to be living off every household like crickets or mice.

　　还有秋雨哩，北方的秋雨，也似乎比南方的下得奇，下得有味，下得更像样。

　　As for autumn rains in the North, they also seem to differ from those in the South, being more appealing, more temperate.

　　在灰沉沉的天底下，忽而来一阵凉风，便息列索落地下起雨来了。一层雨过，云渐渐地卷向了西去，天又晴了，太阳又露出脸来了，着着很厚的青布单衣或夹袄的都市闲人，咬着烟管，在雨后的斜桥影里，上桥头树底下去一立，遇见熟人，便会用了缓慢悠闲的声调，微叹着互答着地说：

　　A sudden gust of cool wind under the slaty sky, and raindrops will start pitter-pattering. Soon when the rain is over, the clouds begin gradually to roll towards the west and the sun comes out in the blue sky. Some idle townsfolk, wearing lined or unlined clothing made of thick cloth, will come out pipe in mouth and, loitering under a tree by the end of a bridge, exchange leisurely conversation with acquaintances with a slight touch of regret at the passing of time:

　　“唉，天可真凉了-----”(这了字念得很高，拖得很长。)

　　“Oh, real nice and cool - ”

　　“可不是吗?一层秋雨一层凉了!”

　　“Sure! Getting cooler with each autumn shower!”

　　……北方的果树，到秋天，也是一种奇景。第一是枣子树，屋角，墙头，茅房边上，灶房门口，它都会一株株地长大起来。像橄榄又像鸽蛋似的这枣子颗儿，在小椭圆形的细叶中间，显出淡绿微黄的颜色的时候，正是秋的全盛时期，等枣树叶落，枣子红完，西北风就要起来了，北方便是沙尘灰土的世界，只有这枣子、柿子、葡萄，成熟到八九分的七八月之交，是北国的清秋的佳日，是一年之中最好也没有的Golden Days。

　　Fruit trees in the North also make a wonderful sight in autumn. Take jujube tree for example. They grow everywhere -- around the corner of a house, at the foot of a wall, by the side of a latrine or outside a kitchen door. It is at the height of autumn that jujubes, shaped like dates or pigeon eggs, make their appearance in a light yellowish-green amongst tiny elliptic leaves. By the time when they have turned ruddy and the leaves fallen, the north-westerly wind will begin to reign supreme and make a dusty world of the North. Only at the turn of July and August when jujubes, persimmons, grapes are 80-90 percent ripe will the North have the best of autumn -- the golden days in a year.

　　赏析：

　　作者进而又古今中外，旁征博引，在比较和议论中进一步感叹出：“可是这秋的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方，才感受得到底。”可见，作者把自己对秋之情无疑又渲染到一个更新的高度。

　　作者用心中之秋写笔下之秋。从五个方面刻画故都的秋的景象，景象无不留有作者心的痕迹：北国院内赏秋景、北国槐下知秋物、北国蝉底听秋声、北国雨后感秋意、北国秋清话秋果。至于传统的文章里明秋情的内容，是联想的展开，不在景物描写之内容。作者围绕着故都之秋，文不离题，一唱三叹，或聚或散，或叙或议，文武之道，一张一弛，字里行间，由首至尾无不融情于景，情景交汇，情感的波澜如长江后浪推前浪，层层递进，层层迭起，通篇洋溢着一股恋秋的主旋律。

　　《故都的秋》主要写作方法是写景、叙事、抒情、议论融为一体，绘景色用描写的方法，如“碧绿的天色”，“驯鸽的飞声”，“牵牛花的蓝朵”，“槐树的落蕊”“秋蝉的残声”等;写游踪用记叙的方法，如“从杭州赶上青岛”“从青岛赶上北平”这是记游踪，它是游记的一个必备因素和特点;开发深味用议论笔调，如“可是这秋的深味，尤其是中国的秋的深味，非要在北方才感受得到底”;将抒情渗透在叙事、写景、议论之中，如“这北国的秋天，若留得住的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头”。

　　不用浓墨重彩，一篇《故都的秋》满写着赞美、眷念的韵味的和幽远、落寞的情怀。故都的秋早已都被作者涂抹了一层清、静、悲凉的色彩。郁达夫笔下的故都的秋究竟在哪里呢?在秋院的破壁腰，在秋槐的落蕊旁，在秋蝉的残鸣中，在秋雨滑落下，在秋果的成熟里，也在那故都闲人充满了京腔京韵的互答时。在现实的人生里，作家的内心被过早地投下了忧郁、落寞的阴影。正因为这样，他笔下的秋境、秋味儿，被鲜明地笼上了一层郁达夫式的主观色彩。但故都的秋又并没有因为作家的情感体验而受到扭曲，以致失却了它固有的特征。在物我之间完美的交融里，那院落的牵牛、槐树的落蕊，秋蝉的鸣叫，还有那秋风秋雨等等，是多么清晰而逼真地将再现了故都之秋的韵味。

　　请注意，“色”“味”二字是贯穿《故都的秋》的内在线索。全文各段落层次的描述，都是以“色”“味”二字为着眼点，开头写故都之行的目的是为了领略北京秋天的色和味;两次写江南之秋，意在说明它的秋色浅、味淡;中间文章的主要部分，前一半描绘故都秋的浓烈，后一半议论故都秋味深。结尾写自己留恋故都秋天的浓色、深味。抓住了色、味二字，就探得了全文的内蕴。应该说，感情抒发至此已是淋漓尽致，该戛然而止了，然而作者情犹未尽，继而将感情陡然升华到令人意想不及的顶峰：“秋天，这北国的秋天，若留得住的话，我愿把寿命的三分之二折去，换得一个三分之一的零头。”这夹叙夹议的手法，使秋意、人意迎面扑来，足以令不曾到过北国的人们愿不远千里一睹这故都之秋了!

　　《故都的秋》的结构形式，犹如纺锤形状，总起开卷显示，分段写尽故都之秋的风姿、神韵，结尾妙笔收篇，突出题旨。